Showing posts with label Iraq War. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Iraq War. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 23, 2010

Neo-Fascist Review of HURT LOCKER by Mark Boal & Kathryn Bigelow: War Drug.

HURT LOCKER is a film about war as drug–ironic considering our ongoing War on Drugs. Though HURT LOCKER deals with the Iraq War, it may shed light on why we fight the war on drugs. There is, of course, the sincere wish to be rid of the scourge of narcotics. However, could there also be an addiction to keep on fighting among those involved? Could they be addicted to the fighting the addiction? If so, the means have become the ends. We’ve all heard the expression, ‘ends justify the means’ but what if the desired ends are forever out of reach? In that case, could we end up with a scenario where means justify or become the ends? Consider Great Society programs of LBJ which were supposed to be temporary measures in the war against poverty. But poverty is still with us, and the government has only gotten bigger and bigger. Since the 60s the government has been growing bigger just to grow bigger and bigger. Government employees, politicians, and entire segments of the population have become addicted to government–for power, privilege, favors, security, handouts, etc. Though we still hear high-minded words about the need for more programs to solve social problems, we know that more programs are essentially for more power for the elite and for more handouts for the masses. We’ve all grown addicted. The means are the ends.
 
The same could be said of the US military. During WWII, it grew to massive size to defeat Nazi Germany and militarist Japan. During the Cold War, the rationale was resisting and fighting communism. One might have expected a scaling down of the military after the fall of the USSR, but the military only grew larger under both Democratic and Republican administrations. Many industries have grown addicted to military development and expansion. Many politicians have grown addicted to military power as the symbol of national power and glory–despite the fact that our ‘empire’ abroad is bleeding us dry. Many young males–and females–have grown addicted to the military career as jobs have seen off-shored to other countries. And Jewish Neocons have become addicted to American military power as an instrument of Zionist policy. Republicans, having little to offer to the American people, drum up militarism as the last bastion of patriotic fervor. Liberals, not to be outdone, do much the same. Besides, both GOP and Democratic politicians come from states which relies on military bases or military-related industries. Much of it is about pork.
 
HURT LOCKER is about men on the ground, what we might call the ‘honest soldier’. But it’s so simple as Bigelow and Boal present these soldiers as more than just pawns in a game. CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER–with Harrison Ford–presented a picture where political bigshots were the bad guys while US soldiers assigned to duty–and then abandoned–were rock solid heroic good guys. Notwithstanding the fact that chickenhawk Neoconservatives pulled a lot of strings to take US into the Iraq War, it is bogus to say that every US soldier on the ground is an innocent, a victim of corrupt politicians. Bigelow and Boal are right to show that many–if not all–US soldiers also get a kick out of militarism and war.
Of course, no one wants to be shot or blown up, but the fact remains that there is a thrill in being shot at–and firing back–and feeling the adrenaline around danger zones.
 
HURT LOCKER gives us three characters, each of whom is half unique and half archetypal. They function as individual characters but also serve as certain social-cultural-mental-emotional types. The main character William James–played by James Renner–is a war lover, much like the character of John Hersey’s novel of that title. It’s not that he likes to kill people, but he loves being at the center of action, danger, and attention. As Ernest Hemingway said, there is nothing as powerful as war. We all know war is hell, but it is also a spectator sport or videogame. Of course, war is miserable for most civilians and hellish for crippled or dead soldiers and their relatives. Also, few people would actually want war to come to their own towns. Even William James wouldn’t want bombs to fall where his family lives. We all want peace and safety for our loved ones. But, peace and safety can be boring. For men with a sense of adventure or wanderlust, war is the thing. Nothing tests a man’s mettle like war. It’s no wonder that among the most fundamental literary texts of the Western canon are The Iliad and the Odyssey. Iliad is about war, horrible but overpowering and thrilling. The Odyssey is about a man who has to fight his way home. Odysseus wants to return home, but it’s the dream of home that is more alluring and romantic than actually coming home, which can only be anti-climactic. To cherish and dream of home, one must be away from home.
 
William James obviously cares for home and his wife–or woman–and child, but when he’s home, his mind longs for the war zone. It’s as if he has two homes. James the husband and father is at home at home. James the warrior is at home in war. It’s the hunter instinct which makes him want to roam, fight, struggle, conquer.
Granted, not all nor even most soldiers feel or think this way. Many serving in Iraq and Afghanistan would probably just come back home and forget about the whole thing. But, there are people for whom war is more than a political or military objective; it is a psychological, even spiritual, fix.
In the opening scene of APOCALYPSE NOW, we hear Capt. Willard’s voice-over narration about how all he could think about was getting back in the jungle when he was home on furlough. In the movie RIGHT STUFF, those jet pilots and astronauts get high on danger and risk, on pushing the envelope. Though only a relatively small number of people are willing to go so far as climb mountains or skyscrapers or walk the tightrope for a fix, we are all addicted to need for thrill and excitement. Perhaps, the most infantile-ized form of this is the theme park roller coaster ride or the horror movie. It may scare the hell out of us, but we know at every turn that it’s just for thrills. But for some people, make-believe isn’t enough. They must push the limit. They want to feel the thrill of being face to face with the real danger, real death.
 
HURT LOCKER has one such character, William James. His foils are Sgt. Sanborn and Specialist Eldrige. Clearly, Sanborn and Eldrige signed up for the military because they believe in the warrior code and all that, but they don’t see war as a game where they must prove something–to others or to themselves. Their main goal is to win or, at the very minimum, survive. Probably most soldiers are like Sanborn or Eldrige. But, there are the William Jameses of the world–in all levels of society. If William James worked in Wall Street, he would be a big gambler. As a gangster, he would be want to top henchman. As an athlete, he would want to be champion. Normality and mediocrity are simply not in his game plan. (He’s like those boxers who keep fighting even though they don’t have a chance of winning the championship. They need some higher goal in life, no matter how elusive. They need to be in the center of action.) Many viewers may admire him because our culture is obsessed with EXTREME shows on TV–like who can eat a live snake or lie in a tub filled with scorpions? ‘Reality shows’ test contestants to see who has the toughest nerves–or the smallest brain as far I’m concerned. But, if most TV contestants are dufuses looking for 15 minutes of fame, there is indeed something admirable–though also dark and disturbing–about Sgt. William James. He goes for the REAL thing and is obviously a man of great skill. He is also odd in his emotional makeup. He loves EXTREMES but is usually soft-spoken and withdrawn. He’s easygoing but intense. He’s ultra-competitive but also laconic in demeanor. There is a kind of bipolar madness held under check by granite will. Perhaps, William James senses on some level that he is a time bomb himself and feels the need to be distracted by or occupied with other bombs, lest he trigger something within his dark soul and set off an explosion. It’s kinda like some highly aggressive men would likely be criminals if they weren’t police officers. Violent by nature, they must fight crime if they aren’t to be tempted by crime.
 
To an extent the bombs in HURT LOCKER serve as metaphors for humans. Externally, the film is about men trying to defuse bombs strewn across Iraq, but internally the film is about the bombs inside the hearts of men. Every person is a capable of blowing up and being destructive. Just consider the Columbine and V-Tech killers. But as HURT LOCKER demonstrates with bombs, what really matters is the WIRING. William James generally works with wires than with bombs themselves. A bomb, no matter how powerful, is inert without the wiring. Similarly, what we do with our bodies is a matter of wiring. Faulty wiring leads to mayhem and murder. Anyone can physically pick up a gun and shoot people at random. Most of us don’t because of proper wiring in our brains. But, psychopaths and sociopaths have faulty wiring which makes them explode and do crazy stuff like shooting a whole bunch of kids in school. This fault wiring could be genetic or a product of prolonged social trauma or stress. Even so, all of us have the capacity for massive destruction, and there is no such thing as a perfectly normal person. Evolution designed organisms to be capable of aggression and competition. There’s conflict among nations but also among individuals. There is also conflict within every individual between the ‘good’ and ‘evil’, reason and unreason, the sacred and the profane, the egocentric and the empathetic. The presence of a psychologist in HURT LOCKER suggests to the problems of wiring within the human psyche. (Bigelow shares something with Walter Hill in that though she’s aware of psychology, she feels man must ultimately be measured by what he does.)
 
Indeed, much of HURT LOCKER isn’t so much about Americans vs Iraqi insurgents as about Americans vs Americans. The three main characters–James, Sanborn, and Eldridge–work closely and rely on each other, but they are not easy partners, especially James and Sanborn. There is something of ‘kid’ in Eldridge. He’s a fresh-faced lad, a good guy, and fine soldier. But, he’s a natural follower than a leader. He’s not a man of initiative but one who prefers taking orders. He’s either naturally a beta male or as yet too green to be truly manly.
Sanborn, the black guy, is a more interesting character. He is physically and emotionally made of iron. If he can’t lead an assignment, he at least wants to be an integral team member and be fully appreciated for his input and effort. In the opening scene of the movie, he seems to have good rapport and mutual respect with Sgt. Matt Thompson, who is killed and replaced by the radioactive William James. William James is like a walking nuclear reactor, which may account for fearless forays into danger zones. It’s as if he intuitively feels that he himself is the biggest bomb around. Though possessed of great self-control, we sense instability lurking underneath. He reminds us of the Tom Sizemore character in STRANGE DAYS–also by Kathryn Bigelow. Sizemore’s character was cool and helpful on the outside, dark and violent inside. If he ultimately turned out to be evil, William James ultimately comes across as a ‘good guy’. But both share a certain thrill-seeking/power-lusting nihilism. Both act as agents serving to defuse mounting social tensions or military crises but thrive in such environments. They are to constant crises what bees are to honey. In a way, William James is a more intelligent and socially competent version of Travis Bickle of TAXI DRIVER. Just as Bickle could not leave the city he loathed, James cannot tear himself from battle even as the stress drives him to the edge. He’s what one might call a warcenary. A mercenary loves money and will kill for it. A warcenary loves war and will sacrifice everything–sanity, happiness, family life, friends, etc–for it. Just as some fireman are obsessed with fire–not merely as profession but as the holy grail–, William James only truly feels at home at war.
 
HURT LOCKER has been hailed as the first great Iraq War movie, but not really. HURT LOCKER is actually closer to FULL METAL JACKET(or even THIN RED LINE) than to other films about the Iraq War. Both HL and FMJ, though set in particular wars, are really about the psycho-mythology of war than about specific realities of a particular war. One could add APOCALYPSE NOW to the list as well. If the Oliver Stone triology–PLATOON, BORN ON THE 4TH OF JULY, and HEAVEN & EARTH–were clearly meant to be about the Vietnam War and if SANDS OF IWO JIMA, BIG RED ONE, and SAVING PRIVATE RYAN are about WWII, HURT LOCKER, though keen on the details of the Iraq War, mainly focuses on what war–any war–means to human psychology. William James could have been just as well a character in WWII, Korean War, Vietnam War, or the Gulf War.
Indeed, he shares the name with a man who is considered the greatest psychologist in American history. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James His specialty was the philosophy of religion, and his masterpiece is considered to be VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES–some of which were drug-induced. Perhaps, the main character having the same name as the psychologist was mere coincidence, but it’s undeniable that the ‘hero’ seems to find some kind of mystical communion within the realm of war. And of course, drugs, stress(induced externally or internally), and mystical experience have always been inter-related throughout history–from soma of the ancient Hindus to self-flagellation during the Middle Ages to LSD of Bigelow’s boomer generation. If war is William James’s drug, it can also be said to be his spiritual high.
 
Religion gives us a glimpse into the connection between the instant and eternity, between life and death. The core of religion is dualistic, with simultaneity running through its entire length. It allows us to feel both flesh and spirit, the here & now and forever, happiness and sorrow, sin and redemption, birth and death. William James’s religion is the Zen of Bomb Defusing. It is in the heart of such activity that he feels most alive, paradoxically because he’s closest to death. He feels most important, almost god-like, with all eyes fixed on him. He also feels most humble, as the slightest glitch can kill him. He also has the dirtiest job, which reminds us of Dirty Harry–"Every dirty job that comes along." He feels like a man of granite, a lion of steel–invincible and unbreakable. Yet, he also knows he can be splattered into a million pieces.
As Jesus was both all-powerful as God and all-vulnerable as man, William James is both bigger than any General and lower than any private. He’s a whore assigned to the dirtiest jobs and a god who saves entire blocks–and who-knows-how-many-lives–from destruction.
Though it may be stretching it, there is even a dual sexual quality about his work. Though tough and manly, his work requires a kind of feminine gentleness and patience. In a way, he’s like a midwife delivering a baby.
The spiritual element of his speciality is driven home when he’s confronted with an Iraqi man booby-trapped with a TIME bomb. No amount of his ingenuity, talent, and experience can undo this predicament. He can undo bombs but not reverse time. The doomed man kneels and prays to Allah before he blows up. In a way, it’s a simple enough action scene, but it can also be interpreted as battle between Man and God. William James is Man with a Promethean will to steal fire from the gods. He has overcome the fear and anxiety that make most men run and hide from. He’s as fearless as they come. But even he has to run as time keeps ticking away. In the end, nothing is greater than Time and God. In previous instances of defusing bombs, James could work at his own pace. Under supreme duress held in check by iron will and meditative concentration, it was as if James entered into a state of mind where time is suspended or non-existent–at one point, he even tosses away the headphone as if to cut off all links with human reality. A state of mind where time is suspended must feel like eternity, as if one entered the realm of God. So, it is crucial that in the later scene, the time bomb reminds James of his humanity and mortality. Even so, it’s as though William James feels nearest to God when he challenges the limits attributed to Man by God.
 
James is also like some of the obsessive people in our lives. They may be supremely gifted and skilled, but they want to be work on their own terms. I knew someone who was good with computers. I once took my computers to his house for him to fix. It was a simple enough problem, but that didn’t interest him. He found one problem after another after another–most of them trivial and insignificant for my needs or purposes–, but he insisted on checking everything, and he got very testy when I told him I only wanted him to look into one single problem. It was almost like he took an obsessive interest in the computer. He ignored the fact that I had to wait for hrs and hrs for things I didn’t care about. It was either HIS way or the highway. In other words, there are computer geeks and then there are COMPUTER GEEKS!! William James, tough and manly as he is, is a kind of super war geek with a kind of cyberpunk-ish obsession with explosive devices.
For whatever reason–class background, lack of education, lack of connections, personality type, predilection for asocial behavior, etc–, he isn’t destined for glory in socially stable America. Without war, he would probably be a policeman chasing down crackheads, fireman hanging around the firehouse, or an air conditioner repairman. His greatest talent–fearless courage–wouldn’t be of much use in a normal society. To fix a car or heater requires skill but not courage. To defuse a bomb requires as much courage as skills. Nobody calls a car repairman a god or hero. I suppose there is sports, but very few have access to athletic glory–and besides most of them are Negroes anyway.
 
In a way, there’s a little William James in all of us. As mentioned above, we love the thrill of the roller coaster. But, it’s everything about our consumer society. We want our kicks and fixes all day and night. Near the end of the film, William James is back home at a supermart. Everything is quiet, normal, and dull. He sees shelves and shelves of sugary breakfast cereal. On the one hand, the image is one of dull and bland suburbia. But, it also indicates that we are all junkies in a way. What are most breakfast cereals made of? Sugar. From morning to night, from cradle to grave, many of us wake up to the kick of refined sugar, which some nutritionists consider a form of drug–even more damaging than heroin and marijuana. From the food we eat, movies we watch, games we play, sports and festivals we attend, porn men and women devour, twitter we twit, and myspace we disgrace, we are all addicted to non-stop thrills. Of course, it doesn’t cost us life or limb, though some would say it has snuffed out our souls. Given all the bogus and make-believe nature of all these inane thrills, William James wants to seek out the REAL kind. One might say that bullets are the real pills for real men. Losers pop pills, tough guys pop bullets.
 
Is there a racial element to HURT LOCKER to the extent that Iraq War pitted the West vs the Middle East? Also, one of the leads is a black guy, and the US military is known for its racial mix. Though we aren’t sure to what extent the tension between Sanborn and James is racial or personal, the tension is undeniable. This is just as well since reality is complex and not reducible as most message-laden Hollywood movies would have us believe. BLIND SIDE is for people who want the message, HURT LOCKER is for those who want complexity.
One racial element in the film revolves around US soldiers being in a foreign country. They might as well be on another planet among an alien race. There is very little understanding or meaningful contact between Americans and Iraqis. Most Iraqis are civilian standbys, but any one of them could be a potential terrorist. That uncertainty is the greatest terror that the Americans are faced with, especially since they are officially in Iraq to bring freedom and justice to the people. US soldiers in HL might are much like the fighting men in Robert Heinlein’s STARSHIP TROOPERS. They are mostly fresh-faced soldiers trained to fight and kill and not much else. In a way, it’s worse because STARSHIP TROOPERS presented a total war scenario where the ‘good guys’ could just blow up the other side as much as possible. In HURT LOCKER, we see Americans trying to save Iraqi neighborhood from bombs planted by Iraqis–to be more specific, the mostly Sunni insurgents among them. Talk about being caught between Iraq and a hard place.
When it comes to Iraqis, HL is like the typical Hollywood movie. Iraqis, like Vietnamese, Koreans, Japanese, Europeans, Somalis, and others before them, are just part of the background, with a few token characters thrown into to be more fairminded. Oliver Stone’s HEAVEN AND EARTH gave us something rare and precious–war as seen, felt, and experienced by the people of the Other country. While many US soldiers have died in foreign wars, many more civilians of those countries experienced far greater misery and perished in much greater numbers. For American movies to have ignored this fact most of this is understandable but somewhat distressing.
Most moviegoers demand hard action and things blowing up in a war movie, not a patient and empathetic understanding of lives of civilians of another country. Of course, it’s somewhat different if it’s about American civilians. HEAVEN AND EARTH tanked at the box office whereas GONE WITH THE WIND is the biggest hit of all time–adjusted for inflation–because Americans would rather see a Southern belle in a romanticized version of war than a Vietnamese peasant girl caught in an hell-hole. Also, BORN IN THE FOURTH JULY was a moderate success in the tradition of BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES.
 
But to be fair to HL, it is not about the Iraq War per se. Its POV may be limited and narrowly America-centric like most war movies, but the film is true to its intentions and concerns. Indeed, given its thematic material, an attempt to be ‘fairminded’ toward Iraqi civilians would have been superfluous and strained. There is one effective scene which brings William James too-close-for-comfort with the inner world of Iraqi civilian society–in a kind of Kafkaesque-or-Mamet-like turn of events, James enters an almost surreal zone of paranoia to ferret out the killers of a young dvd-peddling Iraqi boy he’d casually befriended. (William James buys pirated dvds and defuses pirated bombs. The instant and all-pervasive availability of dvds even in a battle-worn wasteland suggests how far yet how close an American soldier is to any part of the world. Indeed, the internet has given us the Insta-War, where anyone anywhere can turn on the computer and see the war happening in real time through live cam. It’s more than C-Span, which is a professional news service. War has also been personalized through images captured through countless cellphones and digicams. Ironically, cellphones are also used to set off bombs. It’s almost like a surreal Bunuel-ian dreamscape where a cigar is more than cigar and a cellphone is more than a cellphone.)
The most disturbing scene between Americans and Iraqis is when the army psychologist decides to see some real action. Trained for psychiatry but not psyched for war, he’s too much of a ‘nice guy’ when trying to persuade suspicious Iraqis to move out of the area. Trained to analyze and understand behind closed doors than command and take charge in the open, his decency proves weak and fatal. It is to Bigelow’s credit that the character isn’t poked fun at and lampooned as a useless ‘geek’ as he could have been. He’s out of place, but he could be just about any American unprepared for battle.
 
The other racial element in the movie involves the black guy. This element isn’t overt and perhaps not really even intended, but given the racial realities in America, it’s something we cannot overlook. Sometimes, a movie tells us more about our racial issues and problems by what it represses than reveals. HURT LOCKER is correct that overt racial tensions in the military are essentially things of the past. It was long ago when blacks would have been called ‘niggers’ or when black soldiers would have said stuff like, "Man, why is I fightin’ for the white man??? The gooks didn’t call me no nigger!!" The official mainstream narrative is that the military is the most successfully integrated sector of American society. Even so, there are bound to be some racial tensions, especially since the military is a competitive field of toughness. The battle for king of the hill in toughness has long been between white males and black males. This is even more pronounced in sports where blacks reign supreme in the most prestigious sports. NBA and NFL have mostly black knights with white cheerleaders and groupies swooning over them; white males have been reduced to playing the role of squires on the team and serfs in the stands. If there is less racial tension in the military, it’s because the discipline and hierarchy don’t allow the kind of jive-ass show-boating you see among blacks in sports. Black soldiers have to behave or else. Also, unlike sports, higher rank in the military isn’t necessarily based on physical toughness or raw courage. Even a geeky officer can pull rank on a big tough lower-ranked soldier. In this sense, the military is a paradoxical institution. Nothing matters more than toughness and courage in battle, BUT toughness and courage alone are no guarantee for higher rank or prestige. The top brass and higher-ranked officers are generally graduates of military academies, the kind of people who experience less of the real battle.
There used to be a time when even the biggest athletes respected and bowed down to their coaches in a bygone era, but that is no longer the case in our utterly commercialized society. Today, in our ultra-individualistic and celebrity-crazed culture, even top coaches must cater to the vanity and narcissism of top athletes. Also, since blacks dominate the sports and naturally tend to be unruly and aggressive, they’ve set the new template of how athletes should act. Sportsmanship is a dinosaur ideal. Every top athletes tries to be like Muhammad Ali or Shaq O’Neal. There was a time when white liberals were excited by the rise of the UPPITY Negro–as a force of self-assertion, self-pride, and self-esteem among blacks–, but things have gotten so out of hand that liberals now dream of Tiger Woods as the nice Negro lad–before the scandal–, Oprah–the billionaire mammy–, and Obama–the half-Negro who speaks like a white guy. Liberals used to wax romantic about the White Negro; now they dream of the Black Whitey.
 
In HL, there is little overt talk of ‘nigger this’ or ‘honkey that’, not even the obligatory kind in movies like HAMBURGER HILL. Rather, the tensions are subdued and leave us wondering if the friction is racial or personal, or more racial than personal or vice versa. Sanborn is, on the surface, a solid soldier. He’s tough and seasoned. But there is an element of insecurity and testiness beneath his hard exterior. After William James ‘goes solo’ on a mission, Sanborn feels ‘dissed’ and speaks of his experience in the field of Intelligence. Sanborn carries what might be called the Affirmative Action Malady–irritation that whites might not take him seriously and regard him as just as a black guy favored by AA. Sanborn wants James to know that he’s not just some AA baby but a guy with real knowledge and experience, thus deserving of respect. This belies a certain insecurity. Sanborn goes so far as to call James a ‘redneck’ to drive home the point. In other words, Sanborn is nobody’s inferior or nobody’s boy. James takes all of this in stride, and we can only guess what he really thinks since he’s so Zen about most things.
But, there is more than insecurity in Sanborn. There is also a bit of resentment that he has to play second fiddle yet again. He was subordinate to Sgt. Matt Thompson who dies in the first scene but then has to serve under William James. Thompson was less of a cowboy and more of a team-player, which made Sanborn feel appreciated. James, on the other hand, walks into danger like he’s Achilles the Greek Hero. Sanborn naturally feels ‘dissed’. We can only guess as to his real feelings, and he may not know his true feelings either. Does he feel ignored for racial reasons? Or is he angry at James’s reckless game-playing? Or both?
Sanborn, as a black guy, may also feel that HE should be the leader. There is a biological basis to this. Blacks, due to biochemistry, tends to be more assertive, aggressive, and commanding. Blacks generally weigh people’s worth according to physical prowess and charisma, and this means most black guys cannot respect ‘white boys’ as figures of authority. Blacks don’t respect nobody whose ass they can whup.
Now, this doesn’t mean that Sanborn is a typical black guy. It may well be that lots of black males are not typically black and just wanna lead peaceful normal lives–especially if they’re matured in yrs. But, there could be an element of racial resentment in Sanborn when his anger boils over with James. After the second mission when Sanborn is ‘dissed’ again, he strikes James in the face. James takes it in stride–like a big bear that got scratched by a cougar–, and that seems to be that. Sanborn perhaps thought he had to teach the ‘white boy’ a lesson not to mess with a badass ‘nigga’.
And we may even surmise that William James’s reckless courage has a racial tone as well. Since whites cannot top blacks in strength and power, the only area left is daring and courage. It’s like "you may have a bigger dick, but I got bigger balls." Indeed, the military–especially the more exclusive special forces–has become a kind of ersatz sports team for a lot of white guys who can’t make it into college/professional sports dominated by blacks. Gun is the great equalizer. This is why so many angry, frustrated, and resentful white males–who are sick of blacks winning in sports and taking more and more blonde blue-eyed babes as their sexual prize–load up on guns and more guns. Facebook is filled with seething white males who desperately try to reclaim and demonstrate their manhood by posting photos of themselves holding pistols or uploading videos of them blasting away with semi-automatic rifles. They put on a "I’m an angry white warrior" facial expression which looks rather silly on a social networking site known more for quizzes, games, and virtual gifts. You bet they are fantasizing about shooting a whole bunch of left-wing Jews and black males–and possibly ‘race traitor’ white females who are into ‘jungle fever’.
 
Anyway, HL has surprises. William James’s approach to people is very much like his approach to bombs. He takes his time and works at his own pace. After Sanborn attacks him, he doesn’t show anger or blow up at Sanborn’s face. He doesn’t apologize either. You’d think the score is Sanborn 1 James 0. But there is more to James than meets the eye. It’s not that he’s someone who holds grudges forever; rather, he’s someone who has to see things through. So after an evening of carousing, he confronts Sanborn in a game of who-can-punch-whose-gut-hardest?
Sanborn surely has the natural edge since black bones and muscle are harder, but James is slightly the bigger guy and has much greater mental will. Sanborn, as tough as he is, cringes in pain and screams like a child–or even a little girl–when James gains control by sitting atop him. Though the punch-the-gut match is more or less even on the physical level, James wins the mental aspect of it. So, their rivalry score stands throughout the movie at James 2 Sanborn 1.
 
Sanborn is interesting as he’s both a fully realized individual AND a shopworn black stereotype we’ve seen in many movies. How can this be? We’ll have to credit the skillful writing and directing of Boal and Bigelow. Sanborn is, to an extent, what we might call a reverse-stereotype. In our ‘progressive’ society which disdains racial stereotypes even as it promotes them–blacks as studly athletes, Muslims as swarthy terrorists, Jews as wits, funny-accented Asian-Indian convenience store owners, Chinese computer geeks and William Hung, Italian mobsters, Mexicans-who-look-and-sound-like-Guillermo-on-the-Jimmy-Kimmel-Show, Teutonic Germanic types–, we are sometimes treated to the anti- or counter-stereotype as if we are all about ‘judging people by the content of their character’. So, we see the dumb mild-mannered Jew–like Ross on the TV show FRIENDS–, a loud and brash Asian girl, a very normal father-knows-best-like gay boy, or a self-controlled and reliable black guy.
In reality, we generally associate blackness with jive-assery, and indeed GUNNER PALACE did a wonderful job of showing the difference in attitudes among rapping & trash-talking black soldiers and white soldiers who were either more laid back or more conscientious(especially among the higher ranks). The way some of the brothas were rappin’ in GUNNER PALACE, you’d think Iraq War was the biggest baddest gang warfare they ever done seen.
To this extent, Sanborn could be said to be an anti-stereotype, which too is a form of stereotype. An anti-stereotype doesn’t necessarily favor reality over caricature but merely replaces one caricature(negative) with another(positive). But Sanborn is more because he’s so well realized and brought to life. He has credibility as a realistic character.
But as an anti-stereotype, he recalls the black guy in DAWN OF THE DEAD, Angela Bassett in STRANGE DAYS, Danny Glover in LETHAL WEAPON, the Boat Chief in APOCALYPSE NOW, and many others. He may even remind us of Woody Strode character in MAN WHO SHOT LIBERTY VALANCE. If so, the anti-stereotype of the solid, stable, and straight-arrow black guy may partly be a ‘progressive’ reworking of the old stereotype of the loyal Negro.
In DAWN, the short white guy was the adventurer and gambler while the black guy was cautious and methodical. We have a similar dynamic in HL. More interestingly, the racial dynamic of STRANGE DAYS–also directed by Bigelow from a rotten script by James Cameron–was similar to one in HL. In both SD and HL, it is a white guy who has a mad obsession while a black character tries to restrain him and bring him back down to Earth. If SD is really a sleazy and stupid movie and the Bassett character was too-good-and-badass-to-be-true, this can’t be said for HL. To be sure, SD is sci-fi apocalyptic fantasy whereas HL is a realistic war drama, but SD would have been better without the Cameronian excesses and simple-mindedness.
 
I don’t know what the ‘white nationalist’ crowd would make of a movie like HURT LOCKER. My guess they would have loved it if it didn’t have the ‘positive’ black male character. Of course, there is a wide range of ‘white nationalism’, from those who believe that the West should be white-majority nations–sites like Vdare.com–to those still admire Adolf Hitler and deny the Holocaust–Stormfront and other such moronic sites. There is also defensive white nationalism–in response to the rise of the Obama regime, tide of illegal immigration, and affirmative action–as opposed to aggressive white nationalism–the kind of idiots who think everything would have been great if Japan and Germany won WWII.
Whatever the case, the presence of the black guy will be most troublesome to white nationalists. Black service in the military is welcome to many white conservatives but anathema to white nationalists–who aren’t necessarily conservative–Christian, capitalist, and/or individualist.
Many white conservatives hope that black military service will boost patriotism in the black community. Gee, maybe patriotic blacks will even join the GOP!!! White conservatives also see the military as the most effective institution that can train, discipline, and humanize unruly black males into constructive members of society. For a long time, Colin Powell was the wet-dream among white conservatives. Indeed, how nice if the military could turn more blacks into Colin Powells–or so that was the hope until Powell showed his real black nationalist face and endorsed his brotha Obama. If Saul Alinsky provided Obama with his rule book, it seems Powell’s career was ordained along the lines of the movie THE SPOOK WHO SAT BY THE DOOR: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJGD5NAQwc8&feature=PlayList&p=499F675FC139EC95&index=0
 
White nationalists, unlike mainstream white conservatives, regard blacks as the MAIN enemy. Though white nationalists cooked up high-sounding anti-war rhetoric for opposing the American Empire and foreign wars, their main reason for opposing foreign wars is that many of them want to prepare for the REAL WAR in America–the race war between whites and the blacks, with browns caught somewhere in the middle. White nationalists wonder why we are wasting our resources and men against Iraqis and possibly Iranians who can’t possibly do us any harm when it is the blacks who are beating up ‘white boys’, taking white women–by rape or seduction–, and driving white folks out of high-crime integrated neighborhoods. Why are we over in Iraq when we are being invaded along the Southwest border by Illegal Mexicans and over-productive ‘poon cannons’ of anchor-baby muchachas? Why are we trying to save the world when the (Third)world is flooding into the US and European countries?
To white nationalists, the priorities of the American government–Democratic or Republican–make absolutely no sense. Worse, in fighting all these foreign wars, the US military needs as many recruits as it can get. Many of them are black and even possibly illegal Mexicans. Whites having to fight alongside blacks and illegal Mexicans in places like Iraq and Afghanistan compels all of them to be a band of brothers. They must rely on each other to fight, kill, and survive–as blacks and whites did in Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, blacks asked, "why we be fightin’ the gooks when they aint called us no ‘nigger’?" but whites could have just as well asked, "why are we fighting the gooks when they never raped our women and pussified white men into a bunch of faggoty-maggoty-assed dorks?"
The main threat to black Americans have always been white Americans, and vice versa. Even during the peak of the Cold War, there was far less chance of Soviets nuking the US than white women getting raped by blacks, white businesses getting burnt to the ground by blacks, white males getting beaten up by blacks, white people being robbed and murdered in their homes by blacks, and so on. Soviet were a distant enemy that could be held at bay. Blacks were within the walls of America and wreaking havoc on white society through crime and destroying white male pride and confidence by whupping the ‘white boy’ in the streets, in the ring, and on the sporting fields.
For white nationalists, there can be no easy truce with blacks. BLIND SIDE is for naive white conservatives as far as white nationalists are concerned. If mainstream conservatism is still informed by a good-willed and all-embracing Christianity–conservative churches are at the forefront of adopting and bringing lots of African and Haitian babies to America–, white nationalism long ago gave up hope of racial harmony. Not all or even most white nationalists call for a Race War, but many have a very bleak view of the future. They think whites must stick together just as other races are vying for their own slice of tribal power.
The good-willed nature of white conservatives is partly sincere, partly disingenuous. As Christians who believe in America-as-the-city-on-a-hill, they really seem to want to do good. But their excessive show of compassion to blacks and Jews is a means to overcome the sins of the Right associated to slavery and the Holocaust. Though they oppose liberal statism, they are eager to show that they CARE MORE for blacks than even liberals do. In BLIND SIDE, a conservative white family takes a huge-ass Negro kid into their own living room. It’s not just a case of Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner but Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner and Staying to Fill Up His Fat Black Ass(and become a famous athlete and have sex with lots of white women). Of course, what we are shown is a jolly looking de-sexualized Fat Albert type when in fact your average big black guy brought into a white house will soon be ogling and even fondling the missus and the daughter–who may actually like it, as young kids’ main passion today is jungle-feverish rap music and hip-hop.
The main reason for black problem isn’t slavery but biology. No amount of white conservative good-will or redemption can fix this. As for the guilt trip over the Holocaust and the mindless GOP support of Israel, why should white Americans feel guilt over what Germans did? Do white Americans feel guilt for what Japanese did in China? One could say white Americans didn’t try to enter the war and save Jews until the attack on Pearl Harbor, but did Jews try to save Ukrainians from Stalin or the Cambodians from the Khmer Rouge?
I suppose one could argue that White Americans and Nazi Germans were of a similar cultural lineage with deep roots in antisemitism, but one could argue that American Jews and Soviet Jews also shared a long and deep radical, subversive, and ideological lineage. If white American gentiles must feel guilt for the Holocaust, then American Jew should feel guilt for the evils of communism. Of course, the real problem is Jews are rich and smart, bought off nearly all the major media outlets and control most of the academia. They control the brain centers, so even most white conservatives think in terms and ideas framed by the Jews–leftists, liberals, and neocons.
 
Anyway, the thing is the military necessarily draws the various races closer. Whites, blacks, and browns must all fight together, especially in wars cooked up by liberal Zionists and Jewish neoconservatives. White nationalists feel that their main enemies are blacks and liberal/leftist Jews. If whites should fight any people, it’s the blacks. If whites should bring down any power, it is the JEPE–Jewish Power Elite.
White nationalists respect the military and what it stands for, but they see it as hopelessly compromised and perverted by racial diversity and by its being subordinate to civilian government which is no longer that of the white majority but of the Jewish liberal power elite which is using blacks and illegal aliens from Mexico to undermine and destroy white power and well-being. Worse, more and more white females in the military are going with black officers and soldiers, further pussifying white males who can only watch with resentment and envy. Whites males feel doubly emasculated–by PC and by the stronger blacks. If a white guy in the military complained about interracist or interracial relationships, he’ll either be court-martialed and dishonorably discharged and/or get beaten up by the black guy to the merriment of his white ‘race traitor’ girlfriend.
So, from this angle, HURT LOCKER may seem like just another Hollywood Neocon liberal Zionist interracist fantasy to white nationalist types.
 
But not all or even most white nationalists regard art and culture purely in propagandistic or ideological terms. Not everyone is as myopic as Richard Hoste for whom racial purism is just about the only lens through which to judge and understand society. Only a myopically jaded person like Hoste would underhandedly praise North Korea because of its racial purism. Never mind it is one of the most psychotic and miserable places on Earth. Hey, so what? They have a racial policy to give Nazi policies a run for the money.
Hoste’s view of HURT LOCKER is no less myopic. Though we should note and discuss the ‘subversive’ elements in HL in relation to white nationalist interests, our understanding and appreciation of art and culture should go beyond the Nazi-esque obsession with race. Hoste is so ideologically one-dimensional that he can praise a psycho-state like North Korea because it’s racially homogeneous–never mind North Korea is gives racial homogeneity a bad name–while dismissing an excellent and multi-faceted movie like HURT LOCKER because it has, by golly, a ‘positive’ black guy. This is perhaps why the Left and Jews are far ahead on the field in the appreciation and creation of arts and culture. Even as the Left and Jews may detest the politics or views of a Richard Wagner or Louis-Ferdinand Celine, they know great art when the see, hear, or read one. Not that HL is some super masterpiece, but we should be able to be able to appreciate it something other than a simple PC propaganda on racial progress.
 
Bigelow isn’t and will never be a great master. At best, she is a superior filmmaker with a fair amount of ambition which, thankfully, isn’t as strained as that of her ex-hubby James Cameron. The godawful STRANGE DAYS–which is more interesting to think about than to watch–was very ambitious but it had Cameron’s fingerprints all over it. Bigelow at her best seems to know her limitations. Even so, she seems unable to escape the habit of artiness in most of her pictures. If I like K-19: WIDOWMAKER the most, it’s because it’s the most conventional. When Bigelow goes for personal style, she tends to falter, and HURT LOCKER is no exception. My biggest gripe against the film is the artiness around the edges. The artiness isn’t enough to kill the movie but it can be irritating. Some people have complained about the hand-held camera style, but that’s not the main problem. Rather it is arty and self-conscious use of that style. What we end up is a kind of unnatural naturalism. It would have been less troublesome if the film had been shot by an amateur documentarian in a slapdash manner. Whether one likes the hand-held camera style or not, such would have been straightforward and honest–and even compelling–, like so many uploaded footage of war we’ve seen all over the internet. Unfortunately, what we get in HL is a very calculated and self-conscious kind of naturalism. It’s kinda like prole hands with fancy finger nail polish.
 
Worse, some of the jerky camera movement isn’t very purposeful but arbitrarily arty, possibly the worst kind of artiness. Instead of calling attention to the raw ‘reality’, it calls attention to itself. Now, consider what Steven Spielberg was able to achieve in SAVING PRIVATE RYAN. SPR has a rather syrupy and ridiculous plot, the writing isn’t all that good, and the acting is ho-hum, but it is a visual action masterpiece, especially in the opening scene. Even the slightest camera movement bounces off a certain stimuli, danger, fear, anxiety, violence, etc. The camera shakes with the tremors of war. Come to think of it, it’s as though the camera is desperately seeking order and balance in a world being torn asunder. Human senses normally seek order and balance, and so the tumultuous visuals seem natural than forced in SPR. It’s as if the camera is being shaken against its will than for the hell of it. It’s the POV of chaos seeking order than vice versa. In HURT LOCKER, there are many scenes where the camera needlessly lurches about even when not much is happening. Why? Still, it’s not a fatal flaw, and we kinda get used to it like we get used to mosquitos at a picnic.
Besides, when Bigelow gets it right, she gets it very right. The best scene in the movie is when our guys come upon British mercenaries dressed up as Arabs. Soon, a firefight breaks out with Iraqi insurgents hidden in a far-off bunker, and Bigelow lets the scene languish under the merciless sun. This is the most surreal scene in the film, almost like a cross between Bunuel and Sergio Leone. It is a duel to the death that feels both desperate and eternal. The insurgents are hidden in a bunker while out guys are under the hammering rays of the sun. They grow more dehydrated by the minute. They don’t even know if they’ve killed all the insurgents or not. Pinned down, all they can do is wait and wait, as they slip in and out of hallucinatory slumber.
There’s more to this scene than struggle for survival. It could also be a matter of pride, and pride too is a drug, an addiction. Like a video game player who has to make it to the next level, Sanborn may feel a prideful need to finish off all the enemy.
 
This scene is also full of surprises. Ralph Fiennes–star of STRANGE DAYS–makes an appearance as a dashing and courageous–if also rather uncouth–war adventurer; he’s the kind of guy whom bullets usually evade or bump off of in movies. He gets shot stone cold dead. It is then Sanborn takes over the rifle, and we expect a dramatic shootout that will end the scene in a bang. But, the scene stretches on and on until we don’t know what to expect anymore and finally ends with a whimper than a bang. It may be the best thing Bigelow ever did, something even Spielberg cannot touch.
 
All said and done, a fine film.

Thursday, April 2, 2009

Was Slavery a Moral Advancement in the History of Mankind?



We tend to look upon slavery as a great evil, a scourge that ravaged mankind all through history. By our modern moral standards this is understandable. We believe in ‘human rights’, individual freedom, and equality of man. So, from our perspective slavery can only be regarded as a great sin and a terrible stain on those who’ve practiced it. Of course, white people have been blamed most for slavery, not least because they were hypocritical in preaching Christian values while enslaving peoples; also, because of the particularly racial nature of slavery in the modern Western world, slavery in the Americas came to regarded as especially evil.

Be that as it may, one could argue that slavery was actually a moral advancement in the history of mankind. For most of history, the options other than slavery were genocide, mass expulsion, or mass human sacrifice. The rules understood and practiced by all sides was might-is-right. Tribalism or clan-ism was the operative spirit governing ‘political’ behavior. So, when one side fought another side, it was usually for total victory. The losing side would be totally wiped out, expelled, or captured for human sacrifice–especially in the case of Aztecs in pre-Columbian Mexico. This was merely an extension of the way animals operate. When a pack of wolves fight another pack, the goal of both sides is total victory and to gain absolute dominance over the territory. Of course, as packs tend to be evenly matched in many cases, most packs come to ‘respect’ each other’s hunting ground and keep a certain distance from one another, their differences being settled off and on through skirmishes. But, there are times when one pack has decisive superiority over another pack, and a fierce battle will break out whereupon the losing pack will be driven far away or mauled to death. This is also true among lions. When a pride gets into a fight with another pride, each side wants to wipe out the other side or drive it out completely. If a lion becomes separated from its pride and encircled by enemy lions, it is as good as dead. In the excellent National Geographic documentary "Lions and Hyenas", we see what happens to such a lioness. Failing to make an escape, she is surrounded and mauled to death by enemy lions. Animals don’t take prisoners or slaves. They totally expel or kill the enemy.

Because animals don’t have ideals or visions, their blood-letting tends to be limited to the needs of survival. Lions hate hyenas and lions of rival prides but will not embark on a crusade to wipe out all hyenas and enemy lions. There can’t be an animal Hitler. Even so, animals–especially predatory animals–tend to be ruthless toward their enemies and seek to destroy as many of their enemies as possible. They instinctively ‘think’ in terms of kill-or-be-killed. Oftentimes in nature, a degree of equilibrium is reached among animals not because of mutual affection or agreement but because, after much growling and fighting, they realize they cannot wipe out all their nearby enemies–like Iran and Iraq finally ended the war in the late 1980s when neither side could achieve victory. So, they learn to co-exist but not out of any higher ideal or mutual affection.

Anyway, humanity in its early stage was like the predatory animal world. Various tribes generally distrusted and hated one another. While some established relations and learnt to trade with other tribes from time to time, war and conquest were constant threats. You never knew when the other side would go into aggressive mode, attack, and possibly conquer your side; and , your side was tempted to attack and conquer the other side. But, when wars broke out, it was for total victory, which meant you’d wipe out the other side totally or at least drive them out as far away from your territory as possible(even if your enemies were driven into areas where most of them would die of hunger or exposure). But, with the rise of slavery, there was another option. Your side didn’t have to kill everyone nor expel them from the area that produces bountiful food. You could spare their lives and accept their place in your world as long as they were your prisoners or property. They became slaves but were allowed to live. In time, they could even become part of your community and blend in. So, in this sense at least, slavery was a moral advancement in mankind.

We need only to consider the policy of the Mongols to see the moral dimension of slavery. We tend to think in terms of freedom vs slavery or good vs bad, but for most of history, the options were often death vs slavery or bad vs worse. Given the nature of such social reality, slavery could have moral value. Nazis, for instance, sought to kill all Jews, but they were willing to let most Russians live as long as Russians became slaves. Slavery and genocide are both evil from our perspective, but which is more evil? Slavery can be regarded as a positive good compared to genocide–which was prevalent in the primitive and ancient world; we need only read the Bible or ancient documents to know what the Israelites did to the Canaanites, what Romans did to the Carthaginians, or what Alexander the Great did in certain places he conquered. In each case, wouldn’t we agree that conquerors who enslaved the population were morally superior to those who committed genocide? In the primitive and ancient world, genocide and slavery were not necessarily evil because much of humanity operated by ‘either you or me’. If your side didn’t strike first, the other side might attack you. If you didn’t wipe out the other side, it might wipe your side out. If you didn’t enslave the other side, they might enslave you. In a world where genocide, ethnic cleansing, and mass murder were so common, slavery was preferable to the defeated or conquered peoples. It meant that the victors allowed the losers to live. The victors didn’t bestow freedom and equality to the conquered because (1) such ideals didn’t exist as political concepts in the first place prior to the rise of modernity and (2) the losers might use freedom to rebuild their strength and take revenge on the victors(and turn them into slaves). So, the losers, if they were to be spared, had to be turned into a subservient people–slaves or members of a lower caste(as in Hinduism). Also, since ruling over a vast loser population was going to be expensive, it only made sense to put slaves to work so as to contribute to the overall economy. We all know how expensive it is to run prisons; prisoners are owned by the state, but the state has to take care of their needs. So, it made sense to turn prisoners into slaves and put slaves to work.
Though communism was a form of slavery, many people think it was less evil than Nazism because its modus operandi was state slavery than state genocide. Of course, communism did end up killing millions and millions of people, but at least theoretically, that was not supposed to be the case. Communism would take away your individual freedom and turn you into a slave of the state, but the state would be ‘progressive’ and take care of you; as such, it was supposedly not as bad as Nazism which was founded on the ideology of genocide(though, to be sure, Nazis didn’t intend genocide against most peoples but only particular groups such as Jews and Gypsies).
Anyway, let’s return to the subject of the Mongols and how slavery fits into their moral order. By our standards–and even by the standards of many peoples back then–Mongols were a brutal and murderous people. But, even the Mongol war policy had a moral component. Mongols sent delegates to towns or cities they were about to conquer with the message that the people would be spared if they bowed down to the Great Khan, pledged their loyalty, and became his slaves. Otherwise, they would all be killed. Slavery, in this scenario, was a terrible fate but preferable to getting wiped out in war. Genghis and Kublai Khan were not sentimental men, and they didn’t care how many people they killed. But, they were willing to spare lives as long as their prospective victims chose slavery over death. Prior to the concept of slavery, the general rule was simply to attack and kill all or drive everyone out of the territory–genocide or ethnic cleansing. With slavery, the third option became let-them-live-and-stay. (Of course, once slavery become a well-understood concept, groups began to raid other groups to capture and bring back and/or sell slaves. There were also raids to capture wives but it was a time when a wife was considered the propert or slave of her husband. As it developed, slavery no longer remained the byproduct of war and conquest but became the very object various warring groups sought after and fought for.) Of course, being a slave wasn’t particularly pleasant, but it was preferable to death. Also, slavery was different than other kinds of relations known to man. Man had a special relation to animals, but animals were seen and treated as chattel. Though we are familiar with the term ‘chattel slavery’, slaves were generally not looked upon nor treated like animals. They were treated as second class humans; in most cases, their humanity was not denied. Someone who owned a cow or horse would use it for labor and then guiltlessly kill it for food and hide. This was generally not how slaves were treated–though we can always find exceptions such as mass human sacrifice, head-hunting, and cannibalism, etc. Slaves were used for labor like cows and horses, but there was a understanding that they too had HUMAN needs. Of course, when times were really bad or when danger loomed, there was little mercy or compassion toward slaves. But, under ideal circumstances, most slave owners throughout history didn’t see slaves as mere animals to be exploited and then killed. Slaves were often forced to live separate lives, but slaves were allowed to have their fun, joys, and pleasure in life when possible.
Though people could be born into slavery, the original form of slavery probably grew out of wars between tribes. Instead of killing or entirely driving out the enemy, some tribes probably spared the lives of the vanquished. The losers became prisoners of the victorious tribe. Since the victorious tribe feared that prisoners might seek revenge, the vanquished had to be forced into inferior status so as to keep their lids shut.
We have something similar even in the modern era. For instance, the Allies won the war in World War II. The Soviets imposed communist slavery on the Eastern Bloc. East Germany became essentially a vassal state of the Soviet Union. East Germans were allowed to live, but had to live under communist domination imposed by the Soviet masters. Japan and West Germany, in contrast, had democracy and their citizens gained political freedom and rights; even so, Japan and West Germany became national or political slaves of the United States or NATO. Though allowed to be sovereign nation-states with their own system of government, neither Germany nor Japan had military autonomy nor independence/freedom in its foreign policy or affairs. They had to do as America commanded or demanded. America was not overtly oppressive to either of them but the nature of the relationship was not equal. America was the boss while Japan and Germany were the servants if not slaves; Japan and Germany were America’s bitches. So, a kind of slave-status can exist in the modern world on a nation-to-nation basis if not on an individual-to-individual basis. Even today, it’s true that Big Powerful Nations ‘own’ smaller ones. China owns North Korea. United States owns Japan. Israel owns United States.

Anyway, most of history was marked by wars, and no side felt totally secure in the way that Americans have felt secure since the late 19th century. Even in the 20th century, few nations felt safe as Americans too(and even Americans were shocked into fright when Pearl Harbor and 9/11 happened).
WWI resulted from powerful European nations feeling insecure than confident in their power. Same could be said of World War II. Hitler had a grand crazy dream, but he also felt hemmed in by enemy or rival nations on all sides. And, UK and France declared war on Germany in 1939 out of fear than out of confidence. Japan didn’t feel secure in the 19th century when Western powers pried its gates open. China didn’t feel secure as imperialism–Western and Japan–encroached on its territory. Russia felt insecure despite–or because of–its (over-stretched)size due to perceived threats posed by Germans, Turks, and Asians. Mexico didn’t feel secure when Americans took a whole chunk of their territory in the mid 19th century. Finally, white Americans don’t feel secure as liberal and leftwing Jews have taken over their country and are using the most powerful institutions(which they own)to permit(and even encourage)countless non-white immigrants–legal and illegal–flood into this country.

Until relatively recently, the entire world still lived by the rule of stronger-forces-gaining-domination-of-weaker-peoples-and-places. Modern imperialists were not mass murderers for the most part. They either sought slavery or submission from those they conquered. At any rate, it made no sense to conquer a people and then grant them equality and freedom. That would have neutralized or undermined the whole point of conquest and victory. Why expend so much wealth and manpower, why take great risks to give the defeated people a chance to take revenge and counter-conquer the conquerors? The whole point of conquering is to rule over others; in order to rule over them, it makes no sense to grant them equality or freedom. You have to maintain their inferior status if you want to preserve your supremacy or mastery over what you’ve expended so much in life, limb, and wealth to obtain.

Slavery and subjugation were a moral improvement from ethnic cleansing(mass expulsion) and genocide because you let the conquered people live and carry on with their lives(even if only as inferior beings). As our moral values advanced and became idealized, we came to reject imperialism, wars of conquest, subjugation, and slavery. So, slavery is rightfully seen as an evil in OUR society. And, we believe, at least theoretically, in the equality of nations. That is why we have the UN.

It is for this reason that paleo-conservatives oppose expanding American power around the world. In the past, imperialist expansion meant gaining superiority over people you conquered or forced into your political or imperial orbit. There was genuine prestige in the idea of conquest and victory. Heroes that people admired most were victors in wars, discoverers and conquerors of new lands. Even Great Conqueror-Leaders of your enemies were respected out of sense of awe. There was a sense that great mighty powers were most civilized and had a divine right or historical destiny to conquer other peoples and unify the world(in which the Metropole would be the center of governance. ‘All Roads Lead to Rome’). Your side would bring civilization, progress, order, improvement, and/or reform to the lives of people you gained mastery over. It was imperative that the conquered people understood the basic hierarchy of who was boss and who was underling. Otherwise, conquest–expensive and dangerous–made no sense. What’s the point of conquering a people only to make them your equal and kick you out? Why would a free people want to stay under the thumb of another people? We’ve seen what happened in Iraq. We invaded and conquered... and brought them freedom and liberty and equality... and the Iraqis are telling us get out of their country as soon as possible. Equality & freedom AND war & imperialism are incompatible. Iraq may turn out to be a fine country because of what we’ve done, but if it is to be free and independent, we cannot own it. And, if we cannot own it, why did we have to sacrifice so many lives and dollars? Because of the egalitarian ethos shared by both Western and non-Western nations(even if such values are ideally practiced), it is a hard sell to conquer another nation and then impose one’s will on it. The concept of FORCING freedom on a people and then expecting them to FREELY obey YOUR orders is ludicrous.

We’re living in a schizo world. As US is the richest and most powerful country in the world, the world expect us to be globo-cops. But, where ever or whenever US exerts its power, it comes under the criticism of both the Right and the Left for acting like naive idealists or devious imperialists. On the other hand, if we do nothing at all–as with Rwanda–, the world condemns us for not caring and violating the principle of "Never Again".

Wednesday, December 24, 2008

CLOVERFIELD and DIARY OF THE DEAD as (Post)Apocalyptic Film-making.







There was a bunch of apocalyptic movies in the 90s exploiting the vibes surrounding the approaching millennium. As it happened, the latter part of the 90s was relatively stable. The late 80s and early 90s saw the fall of Iron Curtain and communism relegated to the dustbin of history. There were economic good times under Clinton, who was a ‘new kind of Democrat’. There was the rise of Tony Blair in UK too. It was as though the right vs. left dichotomy was a thing of the past. Clinton was a free market globalist liberal who could work with conservatives in congress. With the rise of internet stocks, it seemed as though most Americans would become prosperous. As the 90s progressed, many believed the US was ‘building a bridge to the 21st century.’ Clinton was even called the ‘first black president’, as though race no longer mattered. We could almost forget about the Gulf War, the LA riots, and the Oklahoma bombing. Crime rates were falling. NY, once considered irreversibly in decline, was again a safe place to live. Of course, there was the threat of terrorism, but Americans shrugged off the first attack on the twin towers in the 90s. The fact that the towers had stood the test and the culprits apprehended and brought to justice made most Americans feel safe and invincible. There were some major bombings overseas–most notably in Africa–, but the world wasn’t much alarmed as, well, the third world was the third world–as usual. As long as we could occasionally lob missiles at nations like Afghanistan or Sudan, we thought we were safe. More troubling for us was the disintegration of the deal between Israelis and Palestinians. Perhaps, that was a portent of things to come.
Anyway, most of us were in a celebrating mood as the new year/decade/century/millennium dawned. So, all those Hollywood films about the End of Days or Armageddon were made and watched in jest; it was more like an apocalyptic chic than anxiety about what might REALLY happen. (Similarly, radical chic has always been for the privileged secure in their belief that the revolution would never touch their lives.) We felt so secure and strong that even the idea of the sky-falling-down was part of the cool celebration; we hyped it as though to mock it. So, we had movies about satan’s evil plans, an asteroid about to tear Earth a new arsehole, or some other concoction about everything blowing up reeeeaaaaaal good. They were nothing more than cinematic fireworks, pure popcorn movies. 2000 came around, people celebrated around the world, and all seemed well. To be sure, the stock market tumbled, but most Americans felt it was a momentary lull to pull back from the excesses of the 90s, the hip-hop age. So, we ended up with a ‘humble’ president in the man of George W. Bush. We looked to a period of stability, sobriety, and slow-down before things would start booming again.

But, then 9/11 happened. The feeling of invincibility went out the window. The stock market fell even more. But, Americans, being Americans, rallied and supported the lightening war against Afghanistan and achieved quick victory. It was as though America would own the 21st century. The attacks on 9/11 gave US the moral capital to use its force around the world.
But, then came Iraq. Bush wanted to be a man for the ages. He gambled and lost–at least in the short term. He couldn’t have given a better present to anti-Americans, leftists, and Islamic radicals. Even his supporters grew embarrassed of their commander-in-chief and then, even of the military, and began to harbor doubts about American power around the world. Oddly enough, genuine apocalyptic fears reached critical mass only after 2003. The Iraq war was the catalyst–not only because of the long-drawn-out war and political complications in Iraq, but because of the moral revulsion created by Abu Gharib, Guantanamo, and the issue of torture–, but there were other factors too.


Being out of power politically, leftists and liberals–who control the media, academia, and entertainment–grew angry and unhinged and produced books, music, and movies whose purpose was to make Americans and the world feel disgusted at America-under-Bush as much as possible–politically, diplomatically, militarily, culturally, morally, environmentally, etc.
The Katrina disaster was everything rolled into one–fears about global warming, unpreparedness of our government, racial tensions, ineffectiveness of Bush, national disconnect among regions, the divisions between ‘haves and have-nots’, etc. Liberals and leftists had a field day making, turning it into a secular version of ‘god punished us for our sins’. It was their Noah’s Ark story... from which we needed a Messiah(and guess who?).
In the 90s, with Clinton at the helm, Hollywood gave us stuff like "The American President" and "The Contender". With Bush as president and Congress dominated by the GOP, leftists and liberals in the media were determined to make as many Americans hate their own country as much as possible. The main reason why young people have turned overwhelmingly liberal in the last several years is because they depend on popular culture and celebrity news for information on much of anything. For most young people, the Bourne Trilogy, Matrix movies, V for Vendetta, articles in Rolling Stone ragazine, statements by Rock stars, TV talk shows, MTV, and etc. are the source of their worldview. Initially, due to 9/11, leftists and liberals were restrained in their anti-Americanism, but Bush’s Iraq misadventure gave them an opening. As the war dragged on and disgusted even many American conservatives who felt duped by Bush and his ‘neo-con cabal’, the leftist and liberal attacks on Bush’s America grew stronger and gained momentum. Even superstar conservative film makers gave us a pretty bleak vision of the world. Mel Gibson’s "Passion of the Christ" was blistering and bleak, not a movie to feel good about. His next film, "Apocalypto" was about the corruption and fall of a civilization intoxicated with hubris and arrogance. And, his drunken meltdown did severe damage to his career in a Jew-dominated industry. Clint Eastwood made two excellent films–Flags of Our Fathers and Letters From Iwo Jima–, but they weren’t rah-rah movies by any means. They were defeated at the box-office, and conservatives had little to rally around–not their president, no cultural figures, no nothing... except some blustering talk radio hosts becoming more irrelevant by the day as they’d thrown their lot with Dubya.

For many people, it really seemed like US was helplessly on the ropes. That the so-called mightiest nation was hopelessly mired in a poor and desperate country made many people lose confidence. And, Bush increasingly seemed like an idiot or buffoon, incapable of even stringing together simple sentences. He had talked tough like a Texan cowboy before the war on Iraq, but as the war dragged on, he sounded more like a retarded dummy on someone’s lap.
Just when US seemed to be in big trouble, we heard more news about the rise of China. Trade deficits were going through the roof. And, national borders were utterly broken. If patriotic conservatives were unable to do anything about the Invasion by foreign illegals–a problem plaguing Europe as well–, was there a future for the Western world?
There was a true cloud of apocalyptic fears gathering in our culture and politics. If the pre-2000 apocalyptic films were in jest, films since the Iraq War took on genuinely dark overtones and conveyed the real possibility of an apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic landscape.
It was this sense of malaise which laid the ground for Obama’s rise. Though a cheap, dirty, thuggish, and self-promoting Chicago machine politician–and black nationalist and stealth Marxist radical–, he had the fortune of being handpicked by the super-rich and super-powerful liberal and leftwing Jews who run the national media, culture, and academia to run as the New Hope of mankind. Of course, many sappy white gentiles loved him too, especially the privileged ones whose socio-historical consciousness was formed in schools taught by liberals and by PBS documentaries and Hollywood films that give us the impression that blacks are inherently nobler than the insipid, bland, and generic honkeys.


If white girls voted for Obama out of political jungle fever, white boys voted for him because they’d been castrated into metro-sexual faggoty-ass dweebdom.
But, there was a political, spiritual, and cultural climate for this kind of CHANGE. There was a sense that Clinton had ultimately failed us in the 90s. US grew richer but the boom did end in bust, and Clinton was no moral exemplar. So, Hillary couldn’t convince people that she represented something new. As for Bush’s compassionate conservatism, it turned out to be socialism-with-tax-cuts-for-the-rich; as for his cautious and humble foreign policy, oh well. As for McCain, he looked old and mummified. He didn’t have the look and spirit of something new. So, there was Obama. By going with Obama, Americans could pretend to be back in the year 2000, starting the millennium anew. It’s as though we’d made a mistake in 2000 by going with Bush–not that Gore would have been any better. They were both insipid white males. Of course, many Americans are wary of black politicians and black folks, but Obama looked and sounded special. He had some of that black soulfulness without coming across as aggressive and intimidating; he mastered the art of Oprah’s pompous fatass bullshittery which melts the hearts–and minds–of stupid white dupes who dream of a Great Black Hope who’s worthy of admiration and respect and not out to intimidate or beat up. He seemed intense without really being angry. He seemed smart without being intellectual. To be sure, he’s a pompous, self-centered, narcissistic, and insufferable jiveass motherfuc*ing jerk, but in this Age of the Celebrity, that sort of thing sells.


Anyway, Obama is the fantasy voodoo doll that will supposedly erase our memory of the past 8 yrs, or even 16 or 20 yrs. It will be the end of apocalyptic fears, and the start of something new–or so Americans(and fools around the world)think. With the economic catastrophe–largely caused by liberal Jewish finance capitalistss who supported Obama and have much to gain from Obama’s administration–, people want some kind of relief, new sign of hope.
So, what is the nature or mood of our apocalyptic anxieties? Consider a film like "Children of Men". Though far from a great film, it frighteningly depicted a plausible scenario of total social breakdown. It really presents a vision of hell and effectively exploits all our fears–low birthrates among whites, illegal invasion, terrorism, state power, militarism, mob rule, etc. Also, it’s documentary style makes us feel trapped and claustrophobic. Events seem unpredictable and real than staged and choreographed. In its cluttered and chaotic universe, Hollywood suspense is an unaffordable luxury. Things happen or they don’t. You get shot or you don’t–but you’re bound to be hit sooner or later. "Children of Men" is ultimately a sensationalistic, trashy, and shallow, but it’s impossible to shake off its harrowing effects. Some people have compared "Children of Men" with "Blade Runner", but the comparison is fundamentally flawed because the world of "Blade Runner", though dark, is fascinating and awe-inspiring( and cool) rather than revolting or repulsive. I can imagine fans of Blade Runner wanting to visit the world of Tyrell corporation and the replicants, but who’d want to spend a single minute in the world of Alfonso Cuaron’s film? So, at the very least, Cuaron succeeded in creating a genuinely unnerving apocalyptic landscape.


Two other films of comparable style and effect are "Cloverfield" and "Diary of the Dead". Neither is great by any stretch of the imagination but both are effective in the way of "Children of Men". They both convey horror and despair beyond the scope of crowd-pleasing spectacles.
Cloverfield is post-9/11(and the Iraq War) as "Independence Day" and "Pearl Harbor"–and the End of Days films of the 90s–are pre-9/11. When NY and the White House were blown up in "Independence Day", the audience cheered–not out of anti-Americanism but out of incredulity. And, audiences who flocked to see "Pearl Harbor" felt safely distanced from the actual event and marveled at it as movie theme park. Movies like Titanic and Pearl Harbor, though apocalyptic in tone, tended to be hopeful, romantic, and grandiose. Okay, so US was attacked by the ‘Japs’ and thousands died. Never mind the grisly details and just get your kicks out of all those special effects; besides, we know US won WWII anyway. As for Titanic, the jaw-dropping special effects overwhelmed the fact that people were getting killed in the disaster; besides, Celine Dion’s song and the love story made it all so meaningful and sweeping. Also, it too is set in the past, and we know the world survived WWI, WWII, and the Cold War since the Titanic disaster; as such, it was an exercise in nostalgia as well as a celebration of the latest movie techno-gizmo in cinema.
Films such as these were specifically made to be crowd-pleasers. When buildings blow up in "Independence Day", we are not expected to visualize or think of actual people dying inside them. We were meant to look upon them as ‘cool effects’.


But, I doubt if anyone was laughing or cheering when NY is struck by calamity in "Cloverfield". When we see a building fall in the distance, it reminds us of what happened on 9/11. And, the home video style keeps us close to and on the vulnerable level of the characters; we have no superiority-of-safety over them–other than the fact that we are not actually there.
The weakest part of the movie is the monster itself, awesome though it is. Somehow the realism of the home video is undercut by the existence of something so far-out and grotesque.(It’s as though a Noah Baumbach film got invaded by Godzilla). But, the style carries the movie through, especially since the focus of the film is about survival and cooperation than monsters wreaking havoc. We remain close to the characters, almost as if we are being-john-malkoviched through each of them.


In a movie like "Independence Day" or the far superior "War of the Worlds"(Spielberg), the spectacular style diminishes the human dimensions. We become impressed with the pop-wagnerian spectacle and, as a result, happy to sacrifice our sympathy with ant-like humans. This was the moral argument against Star Wars and LOR film from certain quarters. Not that Lucas or Jackson personally endorses the destruction of millions, but the vastness of their narrative canvas reduces the destruction of entire worlds into mere afterthoughts. We don’t have such luxury in "Cloverfield" and "Diary of the Dead". We cannot marvel at the awesomeness of something blowing up or crashing down in "Cloverfield" without it affecting our characters–rather badly. There is no safe vantage point to which we can cut in and out of.
When 9/11 happened, many people said it looked like a movie–where violence looks real but no one gets hurt. Secure in our knowledge that no one actually dies, it’s easy to be seduced by the nihilism of movie violence; the style takes precedence over the moral substance of a violent act(after all, it’s all fake, right?) We’d long felt a disassociation between the imagery of destruction and its physical outcome. Being mostly familiar with movie disasters, we’ve come to regard calamities as something created in a magic factory. But, people were confronted with the fact that on 9/11, real people were getting burned, falling out of buildings, getting buried under the rubble, etc. 9/11 forced many Americans to rethink violence, tragedies, and even heroism. We’d all grown accustomed to movie heroes of superhuman power always coming out on top. Oliver Stone’s film WTC showed us that even the toughest and bravest Americans–firemen, policemen, etc–are only human, and that true heroism is quiet and resilient. (Sadly, it was a flop, and again, we have movies like "Dark Knight" making gazillions from morons hooked on Hollywood fantasies–and plunking down their hard-earned cash only to make Liberal Jews who run that empire richer and richer). Perhaps, people in other nations who’ve experienced greater calamities first hand have a different view of reality and history–on the other hand, the popularity of mindless Hollywood movies all over the world indicates that all peoples have short memories and trouble with the truth. (Most disturbing of all is the flippant and nihilistic treatment of nuclear disasters and earthquakes in Japanese anime.)
The core conceit of "Cloverfield" negates the luxury of perceptual detachment in favor of spectacle over characters. We are forced to accept that it is a home video of people navigating through a frightening urban landscape; it’s kinda like "Metropolitan" crossed with "The Warriors"(or perhaps "Open City")–with a bit of "Saving Private Ryan" thrown in for good measure.

As such, everything we see is fixed at the human level. There can be no montage to a non- or supra-human angle for the purposes of aestheticism or a ‘cool’ view.
Of course, the whole thing was conceived and executed for effect, mainly for a fresher kind of chills and thrills for young moviegoers bored with most conventions. No one’s looking for anything natural or truthful in "Cloverfield". It could even be argued it is less honest than your average Hollywood movie which comes with no pretensions except to entertain and rake in the money.
Still, the ground rules set by "Cloverfield" makes greater interest than on average.
For starters, the visuals, always attuned to the characters’ will to survive and help one another, don’t carry the implicit baggage of nihilism contained in the third person perspective; there are no ‘interruptions’ of unfolding events with fancy editing, slow-motion, and other tricks which accentuate style over content. Because our access to reality is only through our characters, we share their vulnerability every step of the way. It is this sense of being trapped in time and space with an handful of characters that increases the level of apocalyptic anxiety. There is a sense of a calamity too big for the human senses and mind to process. We feel like human insects–quite different than looking down on people as insects; looking down on people-as-ants, we smugly share god’s perspective.

In reality, a cut in space or time from one perspective to another is simply not possible; everyone is trapped in his own reality. Most movies are constructed of many perspectives, both subjective and ‘objective’. As such, the viewer almost gains the perceptive power of a god or, at least, an angel.
To be sure, access to multiple perspectives can make the viewer feel even more helpless and terrified as in the famous scene in "Alien", which cuts back and forth between a group of people tracking the whereabouts of the monster and a man unawares in a tunnel. But, the conventional movie with third person perspective can always cut to a safe haven no matter what; it is based on the notion of the invincible, or at least, the innumerable camera. In "Cloverfield", there is only one camera, which underlines the fact that everyone has only one life. As with "Blair Witch Project", there is and can be no reality outside or beyond the camera. The camera in "Blair Witch Project" or "Cloverfield" is mortal and vulnerable. It breathes, runs, lives, and dies along with its handler.


If Blair Witch Project was a cheapie indie film, "Cloverfield", despite its ‘simple’ conceit, is surely an expensive film. It is all the more remarkable for this fact for it has seamlessly interwoven the expensively outlandish with the ‘cheaply’ realistic. Because of the dogged consistency of its style–and the dedication and talent of its actors–, genuine anxiety and horror are maintained throughout. Some may condemn it as a case of Hollywood appropriating indie techniques for no other purpose than to make a buck, but it isn’t the first nor will it be the last.
Something about "Cloverfield" both annoyed and inspired me. Its cast of characters are in their late teens or early 20s. They are the children of yuppies of the late 80s and early 90s. They are privilege born of privilege; they register as zeroes. They are realistic enough, which is the very problem; our society has a lot of well-educated and overly privileged drones. They talk a lot but have nothing to say. They are post-everything. Post-conservative, post-liberal, post-ideological, post-post-modern, etc, etc. We know that many kids of yuppies go to fancy schools, learn from privileged radical professors, and even put on radical airs themselves, but they are, foremost, children of privilege satiated and bored with privilege–and even bored with being bored with privilege.. The kids in "Cloverfield" are the shallowest and most rootless bunch of people; they’re too hip to be snobby but they’re also too hip to be hip. They are ‘nice’ and ‘tolerant’ and into ‘diversity’. They’re mildly ‘correct’ in a privileged world where certain disaffected attitudes are the price of admission. They are also the most self-absorbed bunch of insipid fools I’d ever seen. The guys are mostly like clones of Ethan Hawke, who mastered this type of post-everything personality on film. The girls are mostly insipid twits who chit-chat airhead crap.
The first 1/4 of the film takes place at a yuppie-junior party, and it’s convincing enough as social document. Indeed, had the monster never materialized, the entire film might have made a decent enough flick about the lives of today’s privileged youths–an annoying but truthful enough film.


But, when the monster comes and terrorizes the city, the kids are forced to muster their courage and stamina, and the transformation is convincing enough to win some of our respect. It goes to show that inside every dork and twit, there is something nobler than the habit of checking the cell phone every 10 minutes. (Nobility, like monstrosity, lies dormant within us, and depressingly, only tragedy can awaken and bring it to life. We have to look at the devil in the eye to realize the angel within us.)
As the city crumbles all around them, they are forced to put aside their boutique-zen disaffectedness and awaken as feeling/thinking adults.
When the film began, the kids acted like they were too cool even to be cool, too beat even to be beat, etc--as though they were beyond both passion and dispassion. They didn’t even have the hippie’s dedication to being laid-back or the snob’s delight in greater wealth or higher status. The core of their privilege is being oh-so-nonchalant about their privileged status. The 60s youth had idealism, even if stupid. The 70s were about enjoying the new freedoms and lifestyles won in the 60s. The 80s were thrilled with lower taxes, booming economy, and the new patriotism. Everything began to get tiresome in the 90s. Hip-hop was lively but mindless and polarizing. Grunge and other forms of rock music were world-weary deadends. Clinton’s consensus style of politics was satisfactory but not satisfying. The nation was at peace and good times were at hand, but there was no longer any central theme. The theme of the 60s was liberation and rebellion. The theme of the 70s was finishing what began in the 60s and/or working toward a national renewal. The theme of the 80s was saving the economy and defeating the Evil Empire. The 90s were a good decade but a theme-less decade. Sure, Clinton reduced crime by throwing many more negroes in jail than any previous president and enacted welfare reform, but those things failed to engage the ‘spiritual’ passions of the people. As for Bush, no one could really take him seriously, and his comparison of himself with Churchill and Truman seemed funny as hell.


And now, even as the world faces great new challenges, many of our privileged lived in the Francis-Fukuyama-ist -End of History–not the apocalyptic kind but the anti-climactic triumphal kind where liberal democracy is supposed to have won the battle of history and ideas. So, there is utter dispassion among the privileged kids we see in "Cloverfield". Even though or precisely because the world is more connected than ever, today’s urban young are cocooned in their cool fanciful world with all sorts of gadgets and goodies. Even as the working class and lower-middle class Americans have faced stagnant wages, the urban professional class has seen tremendous rise in their wealth and privileges. "Cloverfield" is about the children of the professional liberal yuppie class. These are the people who voted for Obama because he fit their ideal of the privileged-mandarin-celebrity-narcissistic-yuppie-professional-who’s-supposed-to-be-post-everything. It’s post-radical chic.
They have this ‘been there, done that attitude’. And, this sensibility is partly, I believe, the product of our increasingly connected and electronic age. With cell phones, global internet access, a zillion images and sounds downloadable from all over the world, with endless sources of news, there is a sense that everything has been seen, heard, shared, experienced, and felt. Nothing is fresh or exciting to these kids hooked via their ipods to the global village all day and night. Every corner of the world has been explored and mapped out; Google Earth allows any dork or twit to fly all around the world. With advances in psychology and tell-all/share-all talk shows, there is also a sense that we’ve heard of every hang-up, every break-up, every possible social or emotional neurosis. And, having avoided a truly grave economic downturn for so many decades, there’s a sense that everything will turn out alright in the end. Also, with the rise of shamelessness–Jerry Springer, declaring bankruptcy, mainstreaming of porn, etc,–there’s nothing to culturally shock us anymore. And, with things like myspace and what have you, everyone has his 15 gigabytes of celebrity. Even celebrity culture has become a parody in the age of Paris Hilton and Anna Nicole Smith–and when just about anyone can effectively ape those idiots via youtube or the internet. But, even parody has become tiresome and lame.
And, in a world where kids of all background get along–at least within certain socio-economic circles–, there is little urgency about social progress. So, that’s the kind of reality we see in the first part of "Cloverfield". A bunch of nice kids who are annoying as hell because they are not committed to anything. Not that it’s their fault; it’s just the nature of the age they’ve grown up in.

Anyway, the kids are shaken out of their doldrums by this monster that wreaks havoc on NY. The monster is less important that what it forces out of the characters–reach deep within to find unknown reservoirs of strength. Of course, the whole movie can be seen as just another exercise in youth narcissism. As if being privileged weren’t enough, young people today have to be flattered as closet-heroes who would stand up to any challenge! So, the film begins with a bunch of comfortably privileged and numb kids, but we come to see them act with toughness, resilience, determination, and camaraderie.
When the monster first attacks, it reminds us of 9/11. But, the prolonged assault on the city and the mounting difficulties remind us of the Iraq War. And, as the kids huddle under a collapsing bridge in the final scene, they might as well be Iraqi civilians hiding from US bombing. Perhaps, the film is saying that US was struck by monstrousness on 9/11, but we then morphed into a monster of our own making. In our anger, we unleashed ‘shock and awe’ assault on Iraq; we too released a monster on another city.
Anyway, for all its conceit and bogus nature, "Cloverfield" is a gripping film. And, its amateur home video style restrained the visual and audio gratuitousness so routine across the blockbuster movie landscape. Big movies are saturation-bombed with an excess of visual trickery and auditory madness. Every sound roars like thunder or rumbles like an avalanche. A pin drop sounds like an hammer hitting the anvill. A whistle sounds like a supersonic jet. And, digitally tweaked slo-mo, the fancy acrobatic editing, CGI trickery, ludicrous action choreography, and so on, while technically dazzling and impressive, are more often than not mind-numbing sensory overloads. "Cloverfield" is pretty mindless as material but interesting as execution. It has the immediacy of real events and is reasonably compelling as a human story. Of course, if this becomes the new staple in Hollywood, it’ll be just as dreary as what we generally have now.

Inherently, there’s nothing wrong with any filmic approach. Personally, I think Peter Jackson’s "King Kong" is magnificent for what it is. But, who can deny that most movies use technology to serve a formula than a vision? If I’m not mistaken, "Cloverfield" was, at the very least, made by someone with fresh ideas. And, it’s not disgraceful.
For some viewers, George Romero’s "Diary of the Dead" may be the most interesting film. Romero has a reputation as an intellectual in some circles, and critics have regarded his zombie films as satire on one thing or the other. Personally, I think Romero has made one great film–"Night of the Living Dead"–, one highly interesting film–"Martin"–, and then mostly garbage. "Diary of the Dead" is a return to form of sorts though Romero is treading much the same ground. Like Stallone with Rocky and Lucas with Star Wars, Romero seems incapable of box office success outside his original formula.
Many horror flick fans will, of course, defend "Dawn of the Dead" as a great movie, and it has a special place in my memory–I first saw it as an highly impressionable kid. But, I’ve revisited that film, and every re-viewing has diminished its worth. With zombies pretty much ruling the world, the story has nowhere to go. "Dawn" is somewhat interesting as a survival game of logistics and strategy, but it’s essentially "Night" expanded into a franchise; fittingly, it’s set in a shopping mall . As for "Day of the Dead" and "Land of the Dead", they were not even fun as trash. .

There are obvious problems with the zombie scenario. Just how can zombies take over the world when they are slow-moving and easy to spot? What with Americans owning 100s of millions of guns, you’d think every zombie would be shot within seconds of coming into view. This is why "Night of the Living Dead" is plausible within the logic of zombie universe. Zombies may take over an isolated community. But, they are bound to lose to lots of men with guns, and that’s how the movie fitfully ends. But, we are asked to suspend more than disbelief when zombies quickly take over the world in Dawn. With "Day" and "Land", it seems 99.9% of the planet is ruled by zombies. How?
It is for this reason that Romero has finally done it right with "Diary of the Dead". No, it was not worth doing, but if had to be done again, this was the ONLY way. To be sure, zombies seem to gradually gain the advantage, but the shock and uncertainty make for ‘spiritual’ malaise as well as physical horror. A movie where zombies rule over everything just isn’t interesting–just like a bodysnatcher movie with everyone as a pod person. The problem with Dawn, Dead, and Land is the zombies have won already; with only a few humans left, all that’s possible is internal bickering or a shooting gallery of horrors. (Of course, one could argue that Romero’s larger point is humans defeat themselves than are defeated by the zombies. If people all unite and work together, zombies ought to be no problem. But, humans fall prey to greed, desperation, cowardice, egocentrism, pride, envy, etc, and as such are incapable of working together. So, it’s not so much zombies beating humans so much as humans freaking out and defeating themselves, whereupon zombies take over from humans’ self-destruction. Recall that in "Dawn", humans fought humans in the mall, and in the end, the zombies unwittingly took the whole prize. Perhaps, one could drawn an analogy with the Roman Empire where the more advanced Romans couldn’t hold back the Germanic tide because of internal divisions. And, perhaps the same could be said of Europe and US today. Though richer and more powerful than the rest of the world, the internal divisions–liberal vs conservative, men vs women, atheist vs religious, etc–make it nearly impossible for the people of either Europe or US to come together to confront the threats of illegal immigration, cultural rot(such as zombie movies), and the like. Of course, Romero is politically on the left, but one can understand why his movies are so popular with right-wing nuts.)

In ‘Night of the Living Dead" and "Diary of the Dead", the process of the world becoming zombified is a novelty worthy of shock, horror, debate, and anxiety. In "Day of the Dead", in contrast, there is only the prospect of physical horror. In "Night of the Living Dead" and "Diary of the Dead", we ask the question, ‘why is this happening?’ By "Dawn" and "Day" came around, ‘it’ had happened already, and there wasn’t anything else to do but shoot zombies by the bushel.
Still, zombie films shouldn’t raise too many questions, and "Diary" suffers as a result. I said young people in "Cloverfield" talk a lot but have almost nothing to say. It’s worse in "Diary" where every word is nonsensical, ludicrous, precious, moronic, pretentious, pregnant, and annoying. The worst offender is the leading female character who’s supposed to be the model of ‘the strong intelligent female.’ Ideals are always less interesting than Reals. Then, there is the film professor, an Englishman, who seems have an inkling--philosophical, spiritual, intellectual, social, and political–as to why the dead are walking again but cannot be bothered to share his wisdom; he talks in riddles as though he can’t be bothered with anything resembling simple truth. The girl is supposed to represent feminist/American toughness and individualism, the professor is supposed to embody old world experience, patience, and irony. They put on superior airs all throughout the movie, like they know or sense something others–and we–don’t. And, Romero sympathizes with them most. But, I wonder... what is the value of their supposed intellect or insight when confronted with something monstrously raw and savage? The only option is to survive, and ideas seem trivial. (Of course, Romero fans can argue that the professor and the feminist girl have superior qualities. The girl is both tough and adaptable, intelligent and intuitive. And, the professor is smart enough to understand that a lot of things are unknowable, and therefore, one’s intellect should try to find ways around things than try to access their inner truth–which is like opening pandora’s box. The professor’s attitude seems to be that people, being what they are, will always open pandora’s boxes everywhere–political, scientific, social, economic, religious, etc–, and dire problems will ALWAYS plague our world. So, the thing to do is to keep one’s cool, maintain’s one’s sanity amidst insanity--by accepting insanity as the natural order among humans--, not be surprised or shocked by anything, and try to find the best way possible to maintain one’s small oasis of safety and peace.)


Romero always put on pompous airs. So, he had a one-legged black guy in the beginning of ‘Dawn of the Dead’ say, ‘when the dead walk, we must stop the killing’. What does that mean within the context of zombies coming back to life to eat people?
Preachy spiritual or philosophical meaning is impossible in such context. If a tiger wants to eat you and your friends, what sense does it make for you guys to debate the meaning of life or the cosmic injustices of the world? Just get away. This is why "Night of the Living Dead" made moral sense. The characters don’t debate about some larger meaning; they register shock and horror at what’s happening and then get down to the messy art of survival.
But, already by "Dawn of the Dead", Romero was acting all pompous, as if his gore fest was onto some deeper meaning. So, he had the black guy say stuff like, "my grandfather told me... when there’s no more room in hell, the dead will walk the earth." Oh really? Actually, Romero’s bullshit began even with "Night of the Living Dead". The lone surviving black guy is ACCIDENTALLY shot dead by white townsmen, yet the grim final still images invoke the Jewish holocaust and lynching. But, the killing was accidental. The white gunman thought the black dude was a zombie. Romero unconvincingly tried to add a layer of social meaning to his movie, as though "Night" had something to teach us about racial oppression, genocide, and perhaps Vietnam. This was utterly unnecessary.

All the commentary about the nature of man was there in the story itself. The irony of "Night" is that zombies, though ravenous and mindless, get along fine with one another whereas humans fight and kill one another for power and egomania. At the very least, there is a kind of zen-like unity among zombies. They may attack the living but merely out of a need to eat, not to commit acts of evil. Humans, on the other hand, kill for reasons other than food. And, in both "Night of the Living Dead" and "Diary of the Dead", conflicting egos try to mask their power hunger with moral or philosophical justification. Worst by far, according to Romero, are the people who take a special pleasure in killing or using violence. Both "Night" and "Diary" end with grim images of rednecks who enjoy the killing of zombies. For such folks, killing zombies is not a necessity but a sport. Zombies, for all their grisly habits, don’t enjoy what they do; they are rather like alligators who eat cuz they have to eat. Humans, on the other hand, can take special delight in using violence to maim and kill. (I hope Romero is being somewhat self-critical because his zombie films are exercises in gory excess as pleasure.)
But, there’s something simple-minded and bigoted about Romero’s view of people. Notice that almost all the repulsive characters in his movies are white rednecks or biker types(or white militarist goons).

In contrast, blacks and females are generally positive forces. For a white guy to be decent, he must be passive or nearly ascetic–and abandon all ‘imperialist’ or ‘patriarchal’ claims upon the world. (There are almost no hispanics in Romero’s films by the way). You’d think blacks are incapable of acting insane, brutal, or sadistic. Romero still sees racial reality through the sixties of radical revolution. So, we have a sympathetic portrait of the black looter-survivalists in "Diary of the Dead". The black guy takes pride in the mini-empire he’s built up since the social panic. He justifies his empire of loot as won through opportunity that had been lacking under normal circumstances. There are several problems with this. Why would the zombie crisis affect blacks any less? Why wouldn’t they panic and scatter too, instead of building up an impressive warehouse fortress? Just compare New Orleans after Katrina and Iowa after the massive floods. Looks likes white folks handled the crisis much better. And, look at the fate of Africa. Blacks ended up with LESS after the whites were forced to flee amidst the political crises. The idea that blacks will only have an opportunity to own things for themselves upon the demise of the ‘white order’ is a stupid myth. Blacks in America are the richest in the world because they participate in the socio-economic order created by white-and-Jewish folks. There are tons of great athletes in Africa, but most of them are poor because Africa doesn’t have whites and Jews to build up and manage sports enterprises. Just look at the fate of inner city communities. They always turned worse when non-blacks fled and left it all up to blacks. Blacks can take and rob things, but they generally have been unable to build, maintain, and produce things.


If "Diary" had been set in 19th century or even the first half of the 20th century, there may some validity to the notion of ‘radical’ solutions for the advancement of blacks. But, this is 2008. Blacks have taken over entire communities and have run them to the ground. They riot and loot almost at will. Most big cities are at least 50% controlled by blacks; some are even 80-90% black. And, we need only to listen to rappers and black thugs to know there’s no shortage of blacks who take pleasure in rape, murder, mayhem, cruelty, sadism, dog-fighting, and insanity. So, why does Romero keep pretending that the biggest louts in America today are small town rednecks? It shows that Romero is a tiresome 60s radical still living in the past or a politically correct coward who’s afraid to deal with today’s reality as it is.


On some level, Romero must know that his zombie concept is pretty stupid and limited. But, he’s never been content to be just another horror movie maker. He has delusions of being a thinker, a philosopher, a satirist, and intellectual. Worse, there are enough dupes and idiots in the film community–and elsewhere–who agree. "Night of the Living Dead" is worth thinking about because Romero dwells on the action and lets the view to think on his own. But since "Night", Romero has been thinking for us. Since zombies pretty much won the battle starting with "Dawn of the Dead", only two options were left for Romero: mounting gore or idle philosophizing.
The setting of "Dawn" have led many people to see it as a satire on consumerism. But how? Do zombies represent the mad consumer in us? So, do the surviving humans represent resistance against consumerism? But, they seem rather content in the shopping mall. And, the mall comes under attack by a goon of bikers who seem to care only about consuming too. The more you think about it, the less sense it makes. If humans and zombies are both into consuming, what’s the point?


The problem with zombie-as-metaphor is it can be applied to just about anything. So, zombies can stand for herd-like consumers, herd-like religious fanatics, herd-like revolutionaries(as in "Land of the Dead"), and so on. A metaphor so alleable is worthless. I suspect Romero is saying the world is filled with two kinds of people–the mindless mob who just follow the instinct of the herd(zombies) and the cunning predators with cruel appetite for power and cruelty(people who cling to or seek power in the new chaos). In between these two types are the chosen few who are capable of being free. In this sense, Romero’s philosophy has shades of libertarianism. In "Dawn", "Day", and "Land", both the zombies with their mindless appetite for human flesh and the humans with cunning lust for power are presented as pretty negative. The only good people are a few individuals who seek their little sanctuary of peace and freedom. They aren’t saints but they don’t want nor need anything beyond what they need to survive; they are not after power or control. Also, they only kill zombies in order to survive, not to take cruel or sadistic pleasure in the massacre–as the biker gang in "Dawn" and rednecks in "Night" and "Diary" do. So, I suppose the black guy in "Dawn" is supposed to be the superior sort of guy because he does whatever is necessary to survive, but he doesn’t get worked up in egomania–like the white guy who takes risks and gets bitten–and the copter pilot who becomes so attached to the mall as his precious property that he starts a war with the bikers. Perhaps, it is this libertarian streak which has attracted both members of the right and left to Romero’s zombie films. Though Romero is clearly on the leftist side of the political spectrum, his films can be appreciated as a survivalist tract for rightists and a guerilla tract for leftists. Both Che/Mao worshipping guerilla romantics and gun-loving militia movement types can identify with the band of freedom-seekers in the zombie films.


The zombie metaphor is comprehensive enough to be applied to the rise of the internet. In "Diary of the Dead", it’s implied that the development of digital technology and the internet has led to a kind of zombie-ization of information. Prior to the internet age, information was controlled by the major networks and newspapers. But, digital technology and online information sites have expanded like crazy–like the population of zombies. And, internet zombies have been devouring the old institutions of information and truth; just look at the decline and fall of newspapers, publishing companies, music industry, and even the film industry. Romero sees both healthy democratization and mindless lobotomization(in a zombie-like fashion). Notice that zombies defeat death and come back to life–a miracle of miracles–only to be animal-like in their appetite. Similarly, it could be said that we’ve finally arrived at a ‘utopian’ democratic community of information gathering and creative access... only to indulge in our worst appetites; consider the prevalence of porn, idiot blogs, nutty posts, false rumors, subcultural trash, celebrity wanna-be narcissism, etc on the web. More ‘people power’ hasn’t necessarily translated to greater truth or higher beauty. In many ways, it has led to more vulgarity, mindlessness, and lunacy. We blame politicians for social problems, but if we came to rule society ourselves, would we be better off? Not if society ends up like the online world.
"Diary of the Dead" is not a necessary movie, but finally Romero re-captured some of the old magic. I felt the same way about "Rocky Balboa" which, though unnecessary, is the only Rocky sequel that made any sense(except when Rocky gets in the ring with Tarver). The first Rocky movie was special not for the fight but for the affecting life story of a palooka in Philadelphia. And, "Rocky Balboa" restores that intimacy and warm quality–so lacking in parts III, IV, and V.
Like "Rocky Balboa", "Diary" is a return to roots, which is all the more welcome since "Night" derived its power from its stark simplicity. This material is best served by docu-horror or home-video approach. The idea of flesh-eating zombies isn’t much in terms of visual possibility; the zombie either eats you or you bash its head in. The effectiveness of the idea relies on the incredible nature of the fact itself–which is why the story is only compelling in its early stages when the shock factor is still there–and the fear of zombies appearing out of nowhere. (Once zombies take over the whole planet, they are always popping out of somewhere than nowhere.) The home video style is perfectly suited for this material. It’s too bad that Romero went ‘epic’ with sequels such as "Dawn", "Day", and "Land". A Big Splashy movie about zombies roaming about and eating people or getting their heads blown off is pointless. This material has to be on the level of the B-movie or home-video. Also, the diary-aspect of the movie keeps it on the personal level instead of getting lost in logistics or overloaded on satirics. The unfortunate satirical and philosophical aspects of "Diary" are thankfully sidestepped–mostly anyway–by the mood of mounting horror. Also, the mostly rural setting makes for powerful contrasts between peaceful lull and horrific violence. Romero is most effective is when he situates us in an idyllic setting where the air is crisp, trees are green, meadows are pretty, and then... we see the living dead lumbering out of the woods or from behind the barn. The contrast of heaven and hell which is unnerving. In a movie like "Day" or "Land" where every inch of Earth is hell, no amount of gore or ugliness disturbs us–though it certainly upset us–or our stomachs. "Diary", like "Night", really gets under our skin. It really looks like something that shouldn’t be happening is actually happening.

The digital hand-held camera style of filmmaking has really caught on. But why? Why didn’t the Arriflex camera have as great an impact. Except for the early films of French New Wave, 60s Cassavettes, cinema verite–which fell out of style in documentary filmmaking–, and few others, the hand held Arriflex style was not favored among filmmakers–and the shaky imagery was rejected by most filmgoers who found it dizzying and headache-inducing.
The New Wave directors all settled for steady camera positions and smooth camera movements as they matured, Cassavettes’s fimmaking grew more static, and most indie films prior to the digi-cam era employed traditional camera techniques and set-ups. But, things have changed dramatically since the rise of digi-cam. One possible reason is that digi-cam is so much cheaper than film. Due to the high cost of film stock and development, handheld camera style was surely more prone to produce bad, unusable shots. As such, all filmmakers–Hollywood and independent–probably preferred the safer camera techniques placed on tripods or dollies. But, with the cheap cost of shooting with digi-cam, filmmakers have been able to experiment far more freely and arrive at a shaky style that actually works.
Another reason for the acceptance of shaky style may be MTV and other media forms which popularized the ‘alternative’ visuals for the new generation.
Finally, its acceptance may have something to do with the fact that so many people now own digicams. Everybody has made home movies with shaky styles, and it has become part of how we see reality. In a way, Romero has come full circle. He had once been the odd-man-out, the student filmmaker who made a legendary film with the barest of means. But, he soon turned his idea into the Burger King–if not MacDonalds–of horror. He not only made "Dawn", "Day", and "Land",but franchised both "Night" and "Dawn" to be remade by others. Finally, he’s come back down to ground. Using the simplest of cinematic means, he has re-imagined the story from scratch. And, in its silly but crazy way, it is pretty effective for what it is.